368 research outputs found
Estimates for low Steklov eigenvalues of surfaces with several boundary components
In this article, we give computable lower bounds for the first non-zero
Steklov eigenvalue of a compact connected 2-dimensional Riemannian
manifold with several cylindrical boundary components. These estimates show
how the geometry of away from the boundary affects this eigenvalue. They
involve geometric quantities specific to manifolds with boundary such as the
extrinsic diameter of the boundary. In a second part, we give lower and upper
estimates for the low Steklov eigenvalues of a hyperbolic surface with a
geodesic boundary in terms of the length of some families of geodesics. This
result is similar to a well known result of Schoen, Wolpert and Yau for Laplace
eigenvalues on a closed hyperbolic surface.Comment: 25 pages, 4 figure
Three Dimensional Raman Cooling using Velocity Selective Rapid Adiabatic Passage
We present a new and efficient implementation of Raman cooling of trapped
atoms. It uses Raman pulses with an appropriate frequency chirp to realize a
velocity selective excitation through a rapid adiabatic passage. This method
allows to address in a single pulse a large number of non zero atomic velocity
classes and it produces a nearly unity transfer efficiency. We demonstrate this
cooling method using cesium atoms in a far-detuned crossed dipole trap.
Three-dimensional cooling of atoms down to K is
performed in 100 ms. In this preliminary experiment the final atomic density is
at/cm (within a factor of 2) and the phase-space
density increase over the uncooled sample is 20. Numerical simulations indicate
that temperatures below the single photon recoil temperature should be
achievable with this method.Comment: OSA TOPS on Ultracold Atoms and BEC 7 (1997) 5
Breakdown of scale invariance in a quasi-two-dimensional Bose gas due to the presence of the third dimension
In this Rapid Communication, we describe how the presence of the third
dimension may break the scale invariance in a two-dimensional Bose gas in a
pancake-shaped trap. From the two-dimensional perspective, the possibility of a
weak spilling of the atomic density beyond the ground-state of the confinement
alters the two-dimensional chemical potential; in turn, this correction no
longer supports scale invariance. We compare experimental data with numerical
and analytic perturbative results and find a good agreement.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, published in PRA Rapid Com
A Bose-Einstein condensate bouncing off a rough mirror
We present experimental results and theoretical analysis of the diffuse
reflection of a Bose-Einstein condensate from a rough mirror. The mirror is
produced by a blue-detuned evanescent wave supported by a dielectric substrate.
The results are carefully analysed via a comparison with a numerical
simulation. The scattering is clearly anisotropic, more pronounced in the
direction of the evanescent wave surface propagation, as predicted
theoretically
Imaging the collective excitations of an ultracold gas using statistical correlations
Advanced data analysis techniques have proved to be crucial for extracting
information from noisy images. Here we show that principal component analysis
can be successfully applied to ultracold gases to unveil their collective
excitations. By analyzing the correlations in a series of images we are able to
identify the collective modes which are excited, determine their population,
image their eigenfunction, and measure their frequency. Our method allows to
discriminate the relevant modes from other noise components and is robust with
respect to the data sampling procedure. It can be extended to other dynamical
systems including cavity polariton quantum gases or trapped ions.Comment: See also the supplementary material and the video abstrac
Two new genera of Nanophyidae with six desmomeres (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea)
A new genus Lyalia is described in Nanophyidae and three species are included in it: Lyalia curvata sp. n. (Vietnam), L. robusta (Pic, 1921), comb. n. (from Nanophyes) (Java, Bali, Laos) and L. albolineata (Pajni & Bhateja, 1982), comb. n. (from Ctenomerus) (India: Assam). Ctenomerus lagerstroemiae G. A. K. Marshall, 1923 is a syn. n. of L. robusta. Thus, the genus Ctenomerus Schoenherr, 1843 is restricted to the Afrotropical Realm. Kantohia gen. n. is erected for Kantohia taiwana (Kantoh & Kojima, 2009) (from Shiva) (Taiwan). A key to the Nanophyinae genera with six desmomeres is presented.Studies in the MNHN (Paris) by the senior author were facilitated by the attribution of a grant of Invited Professor during January-February 2010, for which he thanks the authorities of the Museum. We also thank Mr Maxwell V. L. Barclay and Dr Christopher H. C. Lyal (NHM, London) for the loan of specimens, Dr Wang Zhiliang (IZCAS, Beijing) for his help with the graphic material and Dr Christian Salcedo (IZCAS, Beijing) for the linguistic review. This research has been supported by project grant CGL2010-15786 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain).Peer Reviewe
Probing superfluidity in a quasi two-dimensional Bose gas through its local dynamics
We report direct evidence of superfluidity in a quasi two-dimensional Bose
gas by observing its dynamical response to a collective excitation. Relying on
a novel local correlation analysis, we are able to probe inhomogeneous clouds
and reveal their local dynamics. We identify in this way the superfluid and
thermal phases inside the gas and locate the boundary at which the
Berezinskii--Kosterlitz--Thouless crossover occurs. This new analysis also
allows to evidence the coupling of the two fluids which induces at finite
temperatures damping rates larger than the usual Landau damping
Diffraction of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in the Time Domain
We have observed the diffraction of a Bose-Einstein condensate of rubidium
atoms on a vibrating mirror potential. The matter wave packet bounces back at
normal incidence on a blue-detuned evanescent light field after a 3.6 mm free
fall. The mirror vibrates at a frequency of 500 kHz with an amplitude of 3.0
nm. The atomic carrier and sidebands are directly imaged during their ballistic
expansion. The locations and the relative weights of the diffracted atomic wave
packets are in very good agreement with the theoretical prediction of Carsten
Henkel et al. [1].Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.
Application of non destructive testing to the detection of aeronautical defects in composite structures
A study of two Non-destructive Testing methods (NDT) was carried out in specimens with different kinds of simulated defects. Ultrasonics test (US) and Infrared Thermography (IRT) were applied with the aim to evaluate the detectability and the accuracy of each method.These techniques have acquired great importance in the aeronautics industry because they allow to control the aerostructures without intervening in their physical and mechanical integrity. In the second part of the study, a comparison of both techniques was achieved in order toanalyse their limits and advantages. It appeared that detectability of defects was much better in a sample with flat-bottomed holes defects in the case of Ultrasonic Test. However it was found that Infrared Thermography is much more limited to the thickness of the specimen than the ultrasonic waves. On the other hand, defects were all revealed with IRT in a sandwich composite including Teflon inserts, which was not the case for US
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